Document

The Registration Statement relates to (a) the issuance and sale from time to time by the Company, pursuant to Rule 415 of the Securities Act, of the following securities of the Company having an aggregate initial offering price of up to $500,000,000: (i) common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”); (ii) preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Preferred Stock”), in one or more classes or series; (iii) one or more series of debt securities (“Debt Securities”); (iv) warrants to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Debt Securities (collectively, “Warrants”); and (v) units, consisting of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Warrants in any combination (the “Units”); and (b) the registration of the resale from time to time, pursuant to Rule 415 of the Securities Act, of an aggregate of up to 8,888,924 shares of Common Stock (the “Resale Shares”), consisting of up to (i) 8,339,169 shares of Common Stock (the “Resale Common Shares”) and (ii) 549,755 shares of Common Stock (the “Resale Warrant Shares”) issuable upon the exercise of pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), by the selling stockholders named in the Registration Statement (the “Selling Stockholders”), which Resale Common Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants are issued and outstanding and are held by the Selling Stockholders as of the date hereof. The Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants, Units and Resale Shares are collectively referred to herein as the “Offered Securities.”

Any Common Stock is to be issued under the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as may be amended from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”). Any series of Preferred Stock is to be issued under the Certificate of Incorporation and one or more certificates of designation thereto approved by the Board of Directors of the Company and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (each, a “Certificate of Designation”). Any series of Debt Securities is to be issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Indenture”) between the Company and a trustee to be named by the Company substantially in the form filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Registration Statement, with appropriate insertions, and duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). Any Warrants are to be issued pursuant to a warrant agreement (including, if applicable, a form of certificate evidencing the Warrants) (the “Warrant Agreement”), which will be filed as an exhibit to and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. Any Units are to be issued pursuant to a unit agreement (including, if applicable, a form of certificate evidencing the Units) (the “Unit Agreement”), which will be filed as an exhibit to and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement.

the Offered Securities. We have also examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise authenticated to our satisfaction, of such corporate records of the Company and other instruments, certificates of public officials and representatives of the Company, and other documents as we have deemed necessary as a basis for the opinions hereinafter expressed and have made such examination of statutes and decisions and reviewed such questions of law as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for the purposes of this opinion letter.

1.With respect to the shares of Common Stock, including shares of Common Stock issuable in exchange for or upon conversion of Preferred Stock or Debt Securities or upon the exercise of Warrants or issued as a component of Units but excluding the Resale Shares (the “Offered Common Stock”) when (i) a prospectus supplement and any other offering material with respect to the Offered Common Stock have been filed with the Commission in compliance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, (ii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other regulatory authorities are obtained, (iii) the appropriate corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize the issuance of the Offered Common Stock, (iv) the Offered Common Stock has been issued by the Company against payment of the agreed-upon consideration therefor in accordance with any relevant agreements and such corporate action, (v) in the case of Common Stock issuable in exchange for or upon conversion of Preferred Stock or Debt Securities or upon the exercise of Warrants or issued as a component of Units, the actions in respect of such Preferred Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants or Units referred to in paragraph 2, 3, 4 or 5 hereof (as the case may be) have been completed, and (vi) unless issued without certificates, certificates representing the Offered Common Stock have been duly executed by the duly authorized officers of the Company, countersigned by the transfer agent therefor and delivered to the purchasers thereof or other persons entitled thereto (or in the case of Offered Common Stock issued without certificates, the due registration of issuance and constructive delivery through book entry of such shares), then, upon the happening of such events, such Offered Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

2.With respect to any series of Preferred Stock, including Preferred Stock issuable in exchange for or upon conversion of Debt Securities or upon the exercise of Warrants or issued as a component of Units (the “Offered Preferred Stock”), when (i) a prospectus supplement and any other offering material with respect to the Offered Preferred Stock have been filed with the Commission in compliance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, (ii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other regulatory authorities are obtained, (iii) the appropriate corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize the issuance of the Offered Preferred Stock, to fix the terms thereof, and to authorize the execution and filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware of a Certificate of Designation relating thereto, (iv) such Certificate of Designation has been executed by duly authorized officers of the Company and so filed by the Company in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, (v) the Offered Preferred Stock with terms so fixed have been issued by the Company against payment of the agreed-upon consideration therefor in accordance with any relevant agreements and such corporate action, (vi) in the case of Preferred Stock issuable in exchange for or upon conversion of Debt Securities or upon the exercise of Warrants or issued as a component of Units, the actions in respect of such Debt Securities, Warrants or Units referred to in paragraph 3, 4 or 5 hereof (as the case may be) have been completed, and (vii) unless issued without certificates, certificates representing the Offered Preferred Stock have been duly executed by the duly authorized officers of the Company, countersigned by the transfer agent therefor and delivered to the purchasers thereof or other persons entitled thereto (or in the case of Offered Preferred Stock issued without certificates, the due registration of issuance and constructive delivery through book entry of such shares), then, upon the happening of such events, such Offered Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

3.With respect to any series of Debt Securities, including Debt Securities issuable upon the exercise of Warrants or issued as a component of Units, when (i) a prospectus supplement and any other offering material with respect to such series of Debt Securities have been filed with the Commission in compliance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, (ii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other regulatory authorities are obtained, (iii) the appropriate corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize the issuance and terms of such series of Debt Securities and related matters and to authorize the execution and delivery of the Indenture and a supplement to the Indenture with respect to such series of Debt Securities, (iv) the Indenture and a supplement to the Indenture with respect to such series of Debt Securities have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the trustee, (v) such Debt Securities have been duly executed and authenticated in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture, as supplemented, and duly delivered to the purchasers thereof or other persons entitled thereto upon payment of the agreed-upon consideration therefor in accordance with any relevant agreements and such corporate action, and (vi) in the case of Debt Securities issuable upon the exercise of Warrants or issued as a component of Units, the actions in respect of such Warrants or Units referred to in paragraph 4 or 5 hereof (as the case may be) have been completed, then, upon the happening of such events, such Debt Securities will be valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms.

4.With respect to any Warrants, including Warrants issued as a component of Units, when (i) a prospectus supplement and any other offering material with respect to such Warrants have been filed with the Commission in compliance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, (ii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other regulatory authorities are obtained, (iii) the appropriate corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize the form, terms, execution and delivery of a Warrant Agreement (including, if applicable, a form of certificate evidencing such Warrants) and the issuance of such Warrants, (iv) the Warrant Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the warrant agent, (v) if applicable, certificates evidencing the Warrants with such terms are duly executed, attested, issued and delivered pursuant to such Warrant Agreement, (vi) the agreed-upon consideration therefor has been paid in accordance with the applicable Warrant Agreement and any other relevant agreements and such corporate action, and (vii) in the case of Warrants issued as a component of Units, the actions in respect of such Units referred to in paragraph 5 hereof have been completed, then, upon the happening of such events, such Warrants will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms.

5.With respect to any Units, when (i) a prospectus supplement and any other offering material with respect to such Units have been filed with the Commission in compliance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, (ii) any legally required consents, approvals, authorizations and other orders of the Commission and any other regulatory authorities are obtained, (iii) the appropriate corporate action has been taken by the Company to authorize the form, terms, execution and delivery of a Unit Agreement (including, if applicable, a form of certificate evidencing such Units) and the issuance of such Units, (iv) the Unit Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the unit agent, (v) if applicable, certificates evidencing the Units with such terms are duly executed, attested, issued and delivered pursuant to the Unit Agreement, (vi) the agreed-upon consideration therefor has been paid in accordance with the applicable Unit Agreement and any other relevant agreements and such corporate action, and (vii) the actions in respect of any Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities and/or Warrants comprising such Units referred to in paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and/or 4 hereof (as the case may be) have been completed, then, upon the happening of such events, such Units will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms.

7.All necessary corporate action on the part of the Company has been taken to authorize the issuance of the Resale Warrant Shares, and if, when and to the extent any Resale Warrant Shares are issued by the Company upon the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Pre-Funded Warrants, including the payment in full of the exercise price therefor, such Resale Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. We express no opinion to the extent that, notwithstanding the Company’s current reservation of the maximum number of Resale Warrant Shares as of the date hereof, future issuances of securities of the Company, including the Offered Securities, and/or antidilution adjustments to outstanding securities of the Company, including the Pre-Funded Warrants, may cause the Pre-Funded Warrants to be exercisable for more shares of Common Stock than the number that then remain authorized but unissued. Further, we have assumed the Exercise Price (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants) will not be adjusted to an amount below the par value per share of the Resale Warrant Shares.

The foregoing opinions are subject to the limitation that the validity, binding effect, or enforceability of the provisions of any agreement or instrument is limited by (i) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer, voidable transactions, receivership, and other laws of general application affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights, (ii) general principles of equity, including, without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith, fair dealing, and the possible unavailability of specific performance, injunctive relief, or other equitable remedies, whether considered in a proceeding at law or in equity, (iii) public policy considerations that may limit the rights of parties to obtain specific remedies or enforce specific terms, and (iv) governmental authority to limit, delay or prohibit the making of payments outside the United States.

The foregoing opinions assume that (a) the Registration Statement and any amendments relating thereto shall have become effective under the Securities Act and will continue to be effective, (b) the Company will remain duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, (c) at the time any Offered Securities or Governing Documents are authorized, issued, executed, authenticated, acknowledged, delivered or filed (as the case may be), (i) there will not have occurred any change in the law or in the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws affecting the authorization, issuance, execution, authentication, acknowledgement, delivery, filing, validity or enforceability of such Offered Securities or Governing Documents, and (ii) no relevant corporate actions will have been modified or rescinded, (d) none of the particular terms of any Offered Securities or Governing Documents established after the date hereof will violate, or be void or voidable under, any applicable law, (e) neither the authorization, issuance, execution, authentication, acknowledgement, delivery or filing of any Offered Securities or Governing Documents, nor the

compliance by the Company with the terms of such Offered Securities or Governing Documents, will result in a violation of or default under any agreement or instrument then binding upon the Company or any order of any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company then in effect, (f) the Offered Securities will be issued in accordance with, and in compliance with any limitations on issuance contained in, the corporate action related thereto, (g) the Company will have received legally sufficient consideration for all Offered Securities, (h) each party to any Offered Securities or Governing Documents (other than the Company) will have duly authorized, executed and delivered such agreements or instruments and complied with all legal requirements pertaining to its status as such status relates to the right to enforce such agreements or instruments against the Company and will have satisfied those legal requirements applicable to it to the extent necessary to make such agreements or instruments enforceable against it, (i) the Indenture will have been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act, (j) the terms of the Offered Securities will be established in conformity with the applicable Governing Documents and the Offered Securities will be issued within the limits of the then remaining authorized but unreserved and unissued amounts of such Offered Securities under the Governing Documents, (k) any Offered Securities issuable upon conversion, exchange, or exercise of, or as a component of, any other Offered Securities will have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance (in each case, within the limits of the then remaining authorized but unreserved and unissued amounts of such Offered Securities), and any issuance of such Offered Securities will be effected in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in such other Offered Securities and the Governing Documents related thereto, (l) all certificates evidencing any Offered Securities will be in the form required by law and approved for issuance by the Company, (m) the Company will comply with all applicable notice requirements regarding uncertificated shares provided in the Delaware General Corporation Law and (n) the Offered Securities will be duly registered on the books of the transfer agent and registrar thereof in the name and on behalf of the holders thereof.

We have relied upon certificates of public officials as to the accuracy of all matters addressed therein and, with respect to certain factual matters, upon certificates of and information provided by officers and employees of the Company as to the accuracy of such factual matters, in each case without independent verification thereof or other investigation. We have assumed, without investigation, the following: (a) the genuineness of signatures, including electronic signatures, appearing upon certifications, documents, and proceedings, (b) that each document submitted to us for review is accurate and complete, each such document that is an original is authentic and each such document that is a copy conforms to an authentic original, (c) the legal capacity of natural persons who are involved on behalf of the Company to enter into and perform the referenced instrument or agreement or to carry out their role in the transactions contemplated thereby, (d) the truth, accuracy and completeness of the information, representations and warranties contained in the documents, instruments, certificates and records we have reviewed, (e) the absence of any undisclosed modifications to the agreements and instruments reviewed by us, (f) that Delaware law will be chosen to govern each Warrant Agreement and each Unit Agreement, and all Offered Securities issued thereunder and/or certificates evidencing such Offered Securities, and (g) that New York law has or will be chosen to govern the Indenture and all Debt Securities issued thereunder.

Without limiting any other qualifications set forth herein, the opinions expressed herein are subject to the effect of generally applicable laws that (a) provide for the enforcement of oral waivers or modifications where a material change of position in reliance thereon has occurred or provide that a course of performance may operate as a waiver, (b) limit the enforcement of provisions of instruments or agreements that purport to require waiver of the obligations of good faith, fair dealing, diligence and reasonableness, (c) limit the availability of a remedy under certain circumstances where another remedy has been elected, (d) limit the enforceability of provisions releasing, exculpating or exempting a party from, or requiring indemnification of or contribution to a party for, liability for its own action or inaction, to the extent the action or inaction involves negligence, recklessness, willful misconduct or unlawful conduct or insofar as such provisions otherwise contravene public policy, (e) may, where less than all of an instrument or agreement may be unenforceable, limit the enforceability of the balance of the instrument or agreement to circumstances in which the unenforceable portion is not an essential part of the agreed exchange, (f) govern and afford judicial discretion regarding the determination of damages and entitlement to attorneys’ fees and other costs, (g) may permit a party who has materially failed to render or offer performance required by a contract to cure that failure unless either permitting a cure would unreasonably hinder the aggrieved party from making substitute arrangements for performance or it is important under the circumstances to the aggrieved party that performance occur by the date stated in the instrument or agreement, (h) may require mitigation of damages, (i) may limit the enforceability of certain waivers, and (j) provide a time limitation after which a remedy may not be enforced (i.e., statutes of limitation).

Although Debt Securities may be denominated in currencies or composite currencies other than the United States dollar, we express no opinion as to whether a court would award a judgment in a currency or composite currency other than United States dollars. Further, we express no opinion with respect to the enforceability of any provision specifying rates of exchange for, or requiring indemnity against loss in, converting into a specified currency or composite currency the proceeds or amount of a court judgment in another currency.

This opinion letter is rendered as of the date first written above, and we assume no responsibility for updating this opinion letter or the opinions set forth herein to take into account any event, action, interpretation or change in law occurring subsequent to the date hereof that may affect the validity of such opinions. This opinion letter is expressly limited to the matters set forth above, and we render no opinion, whether by implication or otherwise, as to any other matters relating to the Company, the Offered Securities or the Governing Documents.


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